Ðœedical model of disability Essay Example

ÐÅ"edical model of disability Essay Example ÐÅ"edical model of disability Essay ÐÅ"edical model of disability Essay Today, the debates about people with various disabilities can be seen to have concentrated around two main departure points: the social and the medical models of disability. Considering the latter point first, it is likely to say that in the traditional style, particularly in UK society, disabilities have been seen as individual medical tragedies (Shakespeare 1993) in which the body and mind are considered as simply failing to meet normal standards of ordinary people. The hypothesis here is that the body of person with disability can be cured by largely medical treatments and technologies. The medical model of disability then is considered as a mechanism by which person with mind and body differences has been categorized by UK legislation and is especially associated with the development of medical science. In recent years, however, disability legislation has put forward a new social model of impairments which endeavours to address these issues, and which has been closely related to political fights for civil rights. At the heart of the new social model have been new definitions of impairment and disability. This work will evaluate the view that UK disability legislation reflects a medical model of disability and assess the current government response towards meeting the needs of people with a disability. To understand this policy, four points need to be considered: the dominant definition of disability, the association of disability with health and able-bodied people, the more important disability policies that have been legislated in the UK, such as the Disability Discrimination Act. Professional definitions of disability vary and generally reflect the diversity of interest in this particular policy area. Psychologists and educationalists consider disability in terms of intelligence testing, while health care workers such as nurses, physiotherapists or occupational therapists associate disability with environmental and physical barriers to performing daily living skills. Oliver (1996) provides a definition of disability that contains three elements: the presence of an impairment the experience of environmentally imposed restrictions self-identification as a disabled person. Disability as an issue of social policy is concerned with all that disables, injures or physically handicaps. This definition in reality provides only a minimal interpretation of the real extent of disability. A disability can range from mild to severe and can be emotional, physical or intellectual. The person with a disability can be a child born with cerebral palsy, a teenager paralysed following a road traffic accident, a mother suffering the severest effects of rheumatoid arthritis or an older person with Alzheimers disease. Interest in disability issues began with the medical professions in the 18th century and gradually philanthropist reformers of the 19th century became more prominent. In the 1970s the disability rights movement, led by disabled people, transformed the traditional perception of the disabled community. They pressured for a change in the focus of services for disabled people and demanded equal access to all aspects of society as a fundamental civil right. The net effect of the movement has been a set of public policies known as disability care policy (Redman 1993). The general public was surprised when, during the 1970s and 1980s, it became clear that there were militant persons with disabilities demanding equality of rights as citizens. Before this the general public assumed that disabled people were either incapable of organised concerted political action or else were content with their lot in terms of welfare and voluntary support. It appeared that if an individual had a problem, then society assumed that professionals (doctors, nurses, social workers) would satisfy her needs. Disability groups wished to highlight the fact that they did not want this form of service to be the only option (Oliver 1996). People with a disability are not a homogenous group. Their strengths and weaknesses differ widely and individual needs vary in complexity and require different kinds of help. In spite of these differences, all disabled people will have an interruption in their pattern and quality of life. If the disability becomes permanent it will cause additional disturbances in relationships and activities. Furthermore a person classified as disabled faces common social problems of stigma, marginalisation and discrimination in many areas of their daily living (Blaxter 1980, Hahn 1993, Szymanski Trueba 1994). Most models that address the needs of disabled people associate the nature and extent of their problems with the limitations that exist as a consequence of disability. The models focus on how they are to lead a life with a physical, sensory or intellectual impairment. The medical and social care professions have been particularly prominent in developing this idea. The medical model has led society to consider disability simply within the confines of the disease process, physical abnormality or personal trauma. This model has sometimes been referred to as the personal tragedy model. This is because societys involvement has been only to express concern and sympathy to the disabled person and her family (French 1994). Within this framework two things happened. First, society was absolved from any responsibility to assist or support the disabled person. It appeared that the association of inequality and incapacity with disability was a roundabout way of blaming the disabled person for the discriminative practices rather than the rest of society. Second, this strategy failed to provide a valuable framework wherein disabled people could try to pick up the pieces and resume their life (Hales 1996). Studies into the area of disability utilise a political strategy that encourages the debate to avoid the traditional personal tragedy model of physical impairment and limitation. Instead the political strategy promotes a consideration of the economic needs of disabled people as any other minority group. For example in being able to access training, education, employment and housing. The minority group argument suggests that persistent inequalities in society relate to social attitudes and negative public policies which, according to disabled groups, are the principal causes of problems for disabled people. It also attempts to reduce the social effects of disability, including the way disabled people interact with the able-bodied population and the negative attitudes that continue to persist (Hahn 1993). This revised political strategy has removed the functional limitation argument with some degree of success. Society now accepts that disabled people are the same as any other minority group who have to face prejudice and discrimination. Within the medical model a boundary exists that separates services that are provided by either social care or health care services. It is an area of professional and policy tension, particularly in the area of caring for people with disabilities. The boundary is not a single element but a series of overlapping differences. These include areas such as payment for care, the nature of care and responsibility between various professional groups. Health care tends to have a high social status because of its link with the medical profession and high tech interventions that promote curing. In contrast, social care has a low status because it appears to be an area from which medicine has, to a certain extent, withdrawn. Social care is considered low tech and includes people with a disability for whom there is little prospect of significant improvement in terms of a cure. In a survey carried out by Thorne (1993) on people with chronic disabilities, she describes how hospital staff gradually distanced themselves from patients. The staff used a range of strategies as a mechanism for withdrawing any long term responsibility for them. These include extended appointment dates, displaying a reduced optimism for progress and referral to support social care services (Thorne 1993, Twigg 1997). Although the person with a disability may initially feel rejected, in the longer term it can be a positive move. It also reflects the wishes of disability groups. They contend that within the social care parameters new relationships can be formed with a focus on empowerment and independence. For a long time disabled groups have expressed concern about the over-medicalisation of what are essentially life problems. This view is supported by critics of excessive health care interventions. They suggest that when this occurs individuals tend to transfer onto health care staff the responsibility for many of societys problems (such as loneliness, family disharmony or isolation). Fox (1990) argues that, as a result of technological progress, people living in the UK unnecessarily defer health care issues to health care professionals. The criticism is not of the technology but its effect on our view of health as something that we depend on experts and machines to provide for us. Social problems are very sensitive for the individual concerned. When this sensitivity combines with the high value that society places on health care it creates an unnecessary demand for health care. This is a demand that in the public mind only health care staff can solve. This is a form of imperialism which is very difficult to oppose. This has perpetuated the mystique of health care and further reduces the potential for society to take responsibility for meeting the needs of people with disabilities. The United Kingdom, along with the rest of Wester Europe, has in recent times had to face the problem of large numbers of people becoming unemployed. The social welfare response can be categorised into three groups: work-based interventions which provide opportunities for further training and branching out into a new career unemployment benefit which provides an income for those in between jobs disability benefit that provides a secure income for those so limited through their disability that they are unable to work. The structures for Disability Working Allowances are described in the Disability Living Allowance and Disability Working Allowance Act 1991. Disability Living Allowance is the main source of income for people who have either a physical or psychological disability. To receive this allowance the disabled person must need attention or supervision from someone in order to meet their daily needs. It is a tax free benefit and is additional to other benefits that the disabled person may receive. Disability Allowance consists of two components: one for care needs and one for mobility and individual needs. This benefit replaced Mobility Allowance and Attendance Allowance (for those aged under 65 years) in April 1992. There are a number of physical needs that entitle a person to the care component of the Disability Living Allowance. Lord Denning, in the Court of Appeal, gave a list of bodily functions that includes difficulty with: breathing, hearing, eating, walking, sitting, sleeping and eliminating (Davis 1996). The list does not include cooking, shopping or any of the other things that a member of the household generally does for the rest of the family. There are two key factors about the payment of Disability Allowance. First, disabled people receive payments for potential risk as well as an actual risk of injury. For example in the case of people who have epilepsy, much of the supportive care is potential in that they need assistance only when a convulsion occurs. Second, assessment focuses on the needs of the claimant irrespective of whether supervision already occurs. Thus someone who is not supervised but needs to be would receive benefit whereas someone who is supervised, but does not need to be, would not qualify. Disabled people receive Disability Working Allowance if they are in low paid work. This allowance permits disabled people to participate in work and remain part of the community and avoid the isolating effects of their disablement. At the same time they avoid being penalised financially. There are two distinct types of disability organisation, both of which evolved around the end of the 19th century. These are organisations of disabled people and organisations for disabled people. The control and management of organisations of disabled people is firmly in the hands of disabled people, whereas able-bodied people manage organisations for disabled people. The original organisations of disabled people in the United Kingdom were the British Deaf Association (founded in 1890) and the National League for the Blind (founded in 1898). Organisations for disabled people tended to hold the same political ideals as their sister organisations but were more influential in attracting financial and political support. They usually arose following a disaster or period of political turmoil. The Royal British Legion was a good example. It was set up to meet the needs of those injured and left with long term disabilities following the two great wars. Another similar support group appeared in the early 1960s to help those affected by the drug Thalidomide, prescribed by doctors for women during pregnancy as an antiemetic. As everybody knows, the drug caused catastrophic physical damage to unborn babies. There is similarity in the goals of the disability movement and other minority rights groups. Disabled people are striving to find a social order of equality that engages ideas of acceptance and tolerance. At the same time, underlying the debate, all minority groups accept that they are different and therefore need different treatment (for example, disabled people require structural changes to buildings). The paradox lies in the fact that disabled people require both equality and difference. They need equal treatment most of the time but in special circumstances, where they are genuinely different, they need special provision. The first attempts at putting antidiscrimination legislation against disabled people on to statute began about 1979. The Committee on Restrictions Against Disabled People considered a range of societal factors that created barriers for disabled people. The first of the reports 42 recommendations proposed that there should be legislation making discrimination illegal and that this should encompass every aspect of society (education, employment, transport and services). The delay in the publication of the report coincided with a change in government. As a result the issue was shelved, in spite of the fact that 1981 was set aside as an International Year for Disabled People, in which people with a disability were supposed to receive a special focus in terms of government policy. Nevertheless the momentum and pressure for change in the law increased and eventually resulted in the passing of Disability Discrimination Act 1995. The government recognised that disabled people were discriminated against in that they received different treatment to other people, particularly in areas such as housing, training, education and employment. Frequently the cause of this discrimination was related to either prejudice or a failure by those in authority to discuss the matter with the disabled person. It was simply assumed that an individual could not carry out a particular task or use a particular service. The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 began by redefining disability as a physical or mental impairment that has a substantial and long term adverse effect on a persons ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities. Under the law discrimination is said to occur when (Davis 1996): a disabled person is treated less favourably than someone else the different treatment is for a reason relating to the persons disability there is no legitimate justification for different treatment there is a failure to make a reasonable adjustment for a disabled person The Act applies to people with a substantial and long term physical, sensory or emotional disability. Severe disfigurement is also classed as a disability. People who have a disability and people who have had a disability in the past but no longer have one are both covered by the Act. An example of this second group could be people who have in the past suffered from epilepsy. There are a few circumstances in which it is not possible to treat disabled people as favourably as others. They include circumstances of either health and safety or where a person cannot understand the nature of a contract because of their disability. If, however, it is proven that the person is not a health or safety risk or does appreciate the nature of a contract then it is considered to be illegal if they are treated differently. The law does not prevent disabled people being treated more favourably in certain circumstances. For example if a professional football club wished to provide sideline positions for wheelchair bound people it would be able to do so. Similarly, cinema owners may continue to offer hearing impaired people front stall seats at the same price as more expensive seats in other parts of the building. The Disability Discrimination Act has tried to undermine the dominant medical model and its definition of disability and the provision of care within that philosophy. Out of this discontent a new social model has evolved that rejects the singular focus and responsibility of disability on the affected individual. It does not attempt to deny the existence of disability but relocates it within and as a part of society. Within the social model it is not individual limitation that is the problem but societys failure to adapt and move towards providing services that adequately meet the needs of disabled people. The Disability Discrimination Act attempts to disentangle the disempowering elements of the medical model of disability and replace it with a social or collective responsibility strategy. It has two objectives. First, it wishes to reduce the negative features traditionally associated with being disabled. As a replacement it supports new ideas of inclusiveness and integration, where disabled people avoid marginalisation and are made to feel a part of society. Second, the model would like to adjust the negative attitudes of society so that, on the one hand, disabled people will be able to enjoy equal rights and privileges, and, on the other hand, accept their responsibilities to contribute and play their role as good citizens. The Disability Discrimination Act brought in new rules that aim to end the discrimination that many disabled people have faced in the past. The Act gives disabled people new rights in the areas of employment, accessing services and buying or renting land or property. The Act requires schools, colleges and universities to provide specific information for disabled people. It allows the government to set minimum standards so that disabled people can use public transport more easily. In addition, it requires the setting up of a National Disability Council to advise the government on the need for policy changes or of any potential for discrimination against disabled people. The law places a significant responsibility on employers. Following the implementation of the Disability Discrimination Act, it will be illegal to treat a disabled person less favourably than someone else because of their disability, without good reason. This applies to all aspects of employment matters, including selection, interviewing, recruitment, training, promotion and dismissal. Furthermore, employers must look at and make changes that could possibly affect the potential recruitment of an individual with a disability. In so doing it is argued that the employer will be able to recruit the best person for the job irrespective of the presence of any form of disability. The law also signalled the end of disabled people registering their disability and the quota system that previously existed. The law affects anyone who provides any goods or service to the general public. This could range from buying a drink in a pub, eating out in a restaurant or doing the weekly shopping in the supermarket. It will be against the law to refuse to serve anyone because of their disability. It will also be illegal to offer a disabled person a service that is not of the same standard as would be offered to everyone else. For example it will be unlawful to ask someone with a hearing problem or disfigurement to sit in a special place in a restaurant. The government anticipates that in time all disabled people will have full access to all forms of public transport. This will include buses, coaches, trains and aeroplanes. The government believes that, for example, all people who use wheelchairs will be able to hire a taxi in the street or at a rank, the same as everybody else. The National Disability Council is responsible for advising the government on all issues related to the employment and training of disabled people. The main objective of the council is to eliminate and reduce the incidence of discrimination against disabled people. The council also has a monitoring role in terms of the full implementation of the Act and has to produce a report each year. The report, which will go before parliament, will outline the activities it has engaged in throughout the preceding year. The council also advises the government on the need for further policy change if this is necessary. Before advising the government they are expected to have carried out an audit and costing of the net effects of implementing their advice. In addition they should have consulted with other relevant bodies that have an interest in the matter that is being proposed. The council is composed of between 10 and 20 members appointed by the Secretary of State for Social Security. The membership must appreciate the needs of disabled people; have a disability; or have experience of business, industry or the professions. Most curricula for health care professionals have expanded to be more inclusive of diverse elements in society. Some of the more common themes pursued by undergraduate programmes address the experiences of different countries health and social care services; the experiences of women; ethnic problems and racial problems. Disability debates rarely achieve the same degree of intensity as these, even though there are far more people with a disability and more diverse needs than other minorities. Some specialised public policy programmes mention disability in the context of health issues, or education, or long term care for the elderly for example. They do not, however, consider disability in the context of civil rights nor do they address the spectrum of need between, for example, those people with physical or learning disabilities. There is a necessity to rethink both the idea of employment and the idea of disability with the purpose to refigure the debate over the disability-employment relation. Legislation has not only to find a sufficient route that deals with the underlying socio-economic cause of disabled peoples exclusion from employment, but also needs to include the experiences and issues of being a disabled person in or out of work. The social model has become central for a useful social and political campaign, most importantly considering the idea of what is a normal person in society and making a difference between impairment and disability. References Blaxter M. (1980). The meaning of disability, 2nd edn. Heinemann, London. Davis K. (1996). Disability and legislation: rights and equality. In: Hales G (ed) Beyond disability towards an enabling society. Sage, London. Fox R. C. (1990). Training in caring competence in North America. Humane Medicine 6(1):15-21. French S. (1994). On equal terms: working with disabled people. Butterworth Heinemann, London. Hahn H. (1993). ‘The potential impact of disability studies on political science’ (as well as vice-versa). Policy Studies Journal 21(4):740-751. Hales G (ed) (1996). Beyond disability towards an enabling society. Sage, London. Oliver M. (1996). Understanding disability from theory to practice. Macmillan, London Redman B. K. (1993). The process of patient education. Mosby, London. Shakespeare, T. (1993). Disabled peoples self organisation: a new social movement? , Disability, Handicap and Society 8:249-64. Szymanski E. M, Trueba H. T. (1994). ‘Castification of people with disabilities: potential disempowering aspects of classification in disability services. ’ Journal of Rehabilitation 60(3):12-20. Thorne S. (1993). Negotiating health care: the social context of chronic illness. Sage, Newbury Park, California. Twigg J. (1997). ‘Deconstructing the social bath: help with bathing at home for older and disabled people. ’ Journal of Social Policy 26(2):193-210.

General Tourism Profile Of Rotterdam Tourism Essays

General Tourism Profile Of Rotterdam Tourism Essays General Tourism Profile Of Rotterdam Tourism Essay General Tourism Profile Of Rotterdam Tourism Essay Rotterdam port is the chief economic support for this metropolis. The sectored construction of Rotterdam is characterized by a comparatively big portion of conveyance and communicating, which is related to the metropolis s port activities. But hotels or eating house sectors seems to be smaller industry compared with others. It besides can be shown in the graph affecting the figure of occupations, added value per sectors. Rotterdam was one of the first metropoliss develop sustainable industrial touristry in urban touristry: from 1997, the touristry organisation offers the opportunities for tourers to the operational houses. Although there s a diminution in industrial touristry, today, several organisations are someway involved in providing company visits. Sustainable industry touristry brings the chances to advance the sustainable and environmental engineerings in Rotterdam, such as capturing CO2. And the opportunity for coaction or enlisting will be found during the Tourss. All that could take to the perfect fiscal public presentation. An illustration of Happy Shrimp Farm in Rotterdam Europe s first sustainable tropical runt farm has been established besides E.ON s electricity power station on the Maasvlakte. Residual heat from the E.ON Benelux power station can be used to raise the temperature of H2O, which creates a better status for shrimps turning. The farm is based on the rule of co-citing or sustainable production thanks to locally present factors such as energy, public-service corporations, residuary merchandises and infinite ( land and substructure ) . There are no negative environmental effects from farming. No antibiotic and antiseptic are used during the runt agriculture. An jaunt to the happy runt farm includes a presentation about the company, a workshop cooking and baking runts and a tiffin or dinner ( NRC Handelsblad, 2008 ) . That creates a satisfied sum from the circuit and dining experience. At same clip, the heat is gotten from waste power, which saves tonss energy. Education for tourers is indispensable to advance the sustainable industry touristry in Rotterdam. Sustainable Hospitality A ; Tourism in Rotterdam: Society The societal, civilization and economic development of all groups in Rotterdam is of import to long-run, sustainable regional development and growing, with an oculus for diverseness, cooperation, societal duty and societal entrepreneurship. Besides, cordial reception operations need to be able to measure the societal impact of its activities in order to heighten the wellbeing of single and communities. Health In footings of its environment, Rotterdam is a junction of expressway, H2O manner and air traffic. Many territories have been constructed in high denseness with unequal unfastened infinite, landscaping and resort area. These are all factors lead to wellness being identified as an of import subject in Rotterdam part. Cordial reception and touristry organisations should be responsible for the wellness of its people. These ends can be gone true by developing some wellness attention plans, constructing a green remainder land for employees. Young person policy A entire 20 % of occupants in the Rotterdam is under 18 and this per centum will lift in the coming old ages. And kids in Rotterdam run an above-average hazard of meeting jobs. For illustration: 20 % of kids grow up in households populating on or around the societal lower limit, 30 % grows up in a single-parent households. For accomplishing the consequences, cordial reception and touristry organisations could set up plans related to the kids of the staffs. That includes the young person attention, community school, drama classs. Corporation Social Responsibility in Rotterdam Corporation societal duty ( CSR ) is highly of import to touristry and cordial reception, which industry progressively contributes many of the negative effects of globalisation, such as poorness, environmental pollution and economic development of finishs. For many old ages corporate societal duty ( CSR ) has been an inexplicit portion of Rotterdam Tourism and Hospitality. And CSR has been put into action by guaranting that the activities and installations are sustainable, involved and crystalline. Many illustrations of CSR have already been mentioned in old paragraphs. Sustainability Tourism and cordial reception corporations have been implement a series of sustainable plans designed affecting air quality and clime alteration. These include cleaning power, the usage of low-sulfur fuel, efficient H2O direction. Besides, human resource direction and organisation civilization are taken into history in CSR, which have good consequences in life rhythm of Rotterdam occupants. Decidedly, all above undertakings aim to make economic contributes for both corporation and the metropolis. Engagement Corporations engagement is apparent from activities such as the communicating with instruction establishments about enlisting and staff development. Besides specific activities for forces and concern dealingss, a figure of big public events are organized like an exhibition of sustainable architectures. A big figure of bing enterprises are of a more long-run nature. These are undertaking to make with immature people, instruction and work experience arrangements, undertakings profiting the quality of life in the Rijinmond territory, every bit good as sponsoring and contributions to a scope of good causes. Decision Cordial reception and touristry industry have the tremendous potency and be progressively of import to back up the economic system for the finish because of the globalisation. For this, cordial reception and touristry show the attempts to alter the direction in a more sustainable manner. Rotterdam is a good illustration to demo the attempts to salvage the Earth and itself, particularly in the cordial reception and touristry direction. Rotterdam touristry is orientated as industry touristry because the port concern and trade chiefly back up the economic system for the metropolis. It is a new thought for touristry and makes full advantage of the economic resource of Rotterdam. The deficit of nature resource leads that the potency of Rotterdam touristry can non be shown to the full. For that, touristry and cordial reception organisations are doing attempts to make the green environment and at same clip protect the limited biodiversity. Last but non least, societal factors particularly advanced engineering and ethic sense aid sustainable cordial reception and touristry develop faster in Rotterdam. In decision, the societal, environmental and economic factors in Rotterdam required cordial reception and touristry industry been developed in a sustainable manner. And execution of sustainable cordial reception and touristry plans besides contributes the healthy economic system, the society with love and balance in the environment. That would be a win-win state of affairs for Rotterdam.

World War 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

World War 2 - Essay Example The latter seriously wanted to put a full stop to their expansionism. Unfortunately, the growth of fascist attitudes in these nations had stemmed as a chain reaction from the wounded feelings and humiliation meted out to Germany by the US and its friendly nations at the end of the First World War. The First World War had resulted in wounded feelings among Germany and its friendly nations. The greatest combine of US, Britain and France had forced on Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria several peace treaties as soon as the first global war ended. At the height of anti-German hatred in 1919, the Big Three 1 had forced the wounded Germany to sign the Treaty of Versailles. Finding no alternative, Germany had obliged bowing to the dictates of the Big Three. Neither America nor its friendly countries had imagined that the Germany’s humiliation at their hands would arouse in course of time national feelings in that country leading to the emergence of dictatorial, highly powerful and ambitious leadership. As per the treaty, Germany had agreed to the principle of self-determination of different nationalities. Under the famous 14-point formula 2 proposed by Woodrow Wilson and ably supported by Clemenceau and George, old pre-war European empires were broken, and the map of Europe was redrawn to ensure that each nationality lived with in its own borders, independent of foreign powers. It had resulted in Germany losing 13.5% of its land and 12.5% of its population (1). This was the main reason for much of the heart- burn caused to the Germans. Obviously and ironically, US had never abided by the 14 p oints proposed by its President Woodrow Wilson. Later it became clear that the US proposed this formula with a view to cornering Germany only. As the years went by, Germany had come to know of the tricks of trade adopted by the US and thought that the latter proposed this 14-point formula to

Reflective Responses Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reflective Responses - Assignment Example Likewise in an organization power is formal, comes to an individual through the position he holds in the organization (Robbins et al 2001), it demands obedience from subordinates to the commands given by his superior, irrespective of subordinates personal goals and interests and his legitimacy of power comes from authority he exerts (PPK 2013). However Weber also pointed out that just because he holds the position, the position power does not become his property rather it is the relationship between him and the subordinate and how he is able to exert his authority (PPK 2013). Because I have seen that even though individuals hold same position in an organization they do not have the same influence on their subordinates. It shows that position in an organization gives power however it is the relationship between the superior and the subordinate that actually defines it and make it effective. ... n is also relevant as of some of the most successful organizations is a result of their charismatic leaders who played a central role (PPK 2013) for example Bill Gates CEO of Microsoft, Steve Jobs former CEO of Apple etc., whose charismatic leadership not only resulted in one of the most successful products and services but also motivated and brought out the innovative qualities of their employees and used their creativity for a common goal that is organizational success. Their charismatic leadership and vision helped in establishing such huge and successful companies that are known for delivering innovative products with high quality example iPhone, iPad by Apple and Windows by Microsoft. †¢ â€Å"The most basic prerequisite of power is that one person or group believes it is dependent on another person or group for a resource of value† (McShane et al 2013, p.318). Reflect on this claim from a critical perspective, and illustrate your answer with a real-life example deri ved from PPK materials or from your own experience or observation. Power is definitely a function of dependency, the greater an individual depends upon other for a resource of value, and the greater the other person has power over the individual in a relationship. One person can exert power on another only when that person controls something valuable that is desired by another. For example in an organization a superior enjoys power over subordinates because through his position controls their rewards which subordinates consider as valuable and thus their behaviour is influenced because of that dependency. Reward can be in financial or non-financial (Robbins et al 2001). It is not only true in organizational perspective but also true in personal relationships. For example when children are dependent

Bio Medicine Essay Example for Free

Bio Medicine Essay Two Cathy Ann Wilson-Bates Western Governors University EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE APPLIED NURSING RESEARCH EBP 1 Brenda Luther, PhD, RN January 25, 2012 Task Two Introduction: What I have learned about working with children in a chronic healthcare setting like dialysis is that they are resilient beings with the propensity for rapid changes in their medical condition. Children almost always surprise me in their unique description of symptoms and pain. Depending on their age, they may not be able to describe the symptoms they feel or tell me â€Å"where it hurts†. A simple ear ache may be described as a â€Å"drum in my ear† or may be observed with non verbal cues like tugging on the ear. Acute Otitis Media is seen quite often during the cold and flu season. Recent clinical guidelines suggest waiting twenty four to seventy two hours before beginning antibiotic therapy. Parents of children with symptoms of otitis media are accustomed to receiving a prescription for antibiotics before they leave the medical office. Adults as well are preconditioned for the little white slip of paper from their physician. Waiting twenty four to seventy two hours to evaluate the need for antibiotics will definitely reduce the over-prescription of antibiotics as well as their efficacy. The waiting and watching of several days may seem like an eternity to a parent caring for a sick and crying child. Educating parents during routine visits to the physician office about the risks of over-prescribing antibiotics will help when the physician needs to discuss the possibility of waiting and evaluating before prescribing antibiotics. Providing a list of comfort measures parents can follow may help relieve the anxiety they have in caring for a sick child. Any comfort measure taken to reduce crying is helpful to the parent of a sick child, but mostly to the child. The following table and paragraphs will share the results of how one group of nurses at an outpatient clinic used clinical evidence to manage this situation. Source |Type of Resource |Source appropriate or |Type of Research | | |general information, |inappropriate |primary research evidence, | | |filtered, or unfiltered | |evidence summary, evidence-based | | | | |guideline, or none of these | |American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of|Filtered |Appropriate |Evidence-based guideline | |Family Physicians. Clinical practice guideline: | | | | |Diagnosis and management of acute otitis media. | | | |Causative pathogens, antibiotic resistance and |Unfiltered |Appropriate |Evidence-based guideline | |therapeutic considerations in acute otitis media . | | | | |Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. | | | | |Ear, nose, and Throat, Current pediatric diagnosis and|General |Inappropriate |None of these | |treatment. | | | | |Treatment of acute otitis media in an era of |Filtered |Appropriate |Evidence –based guideline | |increasing microbial resistance. Pediatric Infectious| | | | |Disease Journal | | | | |Results from interviews with parents who have brought |Unfiltered |Appropriate |Primary research evidence | |their children into the clinic for acute otitis media. | | | | | | | | | Subcommittee on Management of Acute Otitis Media. (2004). American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Family Physicians. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis and Manegment of Acute Otitis Media. American Academy of Pediatrics , Vol. 13 No 5 1451-1465. This article is an evidence-based clinical guideline. It is a systematic review making it a filtered resource which is very appropriate for this situation. The article describes the current, (as of 2004) recommendations for the diagnosis and management of Acute Otitis Media (Subcommittee on Management of Acute Otitis Media, 2004). These guidelines show several different ways to treat acute otitis media depending on the symptoms of the child. It states that sometimes waiting to give antibioti cs is good and sometimes waiting to give antibiotics is not good. This article is appropriate and provides clarity on the topic. Block, S. L. (1997). Causative pathogens, antibiotic resistance and therapeutic considerations in acute otitis media. The Pediatric Infectious disease Journal , Volume 16 (4) pp 449-456. This article discusses antibiotic resistance and describes the bacterial pathogens which are responsible for infections causing acute otitis media. This article is appropriate. It contains a comparison of studies performed based on the different types of bacteria which cause acute otitis media. It stresses the importance of identifying the bacteria causing the infection before giving antibiotics so that number one the bacteria can be eradicated and other bacteria will not become resistant (Block, 1997). PE Kelley, N. F. (2006). Ear, Nose and. In M. L. W. W. Hay, Current Pediatric Diagnoisis and Treatment (pp. 459-492). Lang. This textbook source contains general information on the ear, nose and throat. There is much more information here regarding basic anatomy and physiology as well as characteristics of the ear nose and throat. The information regarding otitis media is basic and not an appropriate source of research in this situation for three reasons. Number one, the information is very basic, number two, it does not give any up to date information on how to treat this type of infection, and number three there is too much non-relevant information. McCracken, G. H. (1998). Treatment of acute otitis media in an era of increasing microbial resistance. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal , Volume 17(6) pp576-579. This article is a review of the known etiologies that may cause acute otitis media. The article gives up to date information on therapeutic approaches when selecting an appropriate antibiotic therapy. We don’t practice â€Å"cookie cutter† medicine. The same prescription is not always right for all patients or all communities where some bacteria’s may be more prevalent than others (McCracken, 1998). This is appropriate information for this group of people or community. media, P. o. (n. d. ). Interviews. (C. nurses, Interviewer) This set of interviews is simply raw data. General information can however provide great insight as to what is happening out in the community. For example, this information might shed light on the fact that if the parents are willing to hold off on antibiotics for example, would they be more likely to follow up and come back into the clinic when asked? The reaction of parents is dependent upon other several basic factors like finances, a belief system and possibly the ability to obtain transportation. Knowing how the community is going to respond to their choice may have a great effect on the decisions they make. When evaluating the findings of these sources cumulatively, one must first determine the causative pathogens infecting patients in this given community with acute otitis media. After pathogen determination we can determine which antibiotics may be most useful in eradicating the given bacteria. Careful selection of antibiotic therapy will reduce the propensity for antibiotic resistance. Watchful waiting may be a good thing from the perspective of increasing microbial resistance however we must always evaluate patients on their individual needs or on a patient by patient case. One size doesn’t always fit all. Patient education is the key to keeping the public informed of current practice. Physicians and Nurses need to be consistent in the lesson plan shared with patients and remain true to our scope of practice. Communication is essential between the physician, nurse and other multidisciplinary team members in order to provide the best care. There are many considerations in assessing if patients are able to withstand the waiting and evaluation period. Low income families are one example of how the waiting and watching method might not work. Parents may have to take time off work to come to clinic with a sick child. They might struggle finding money for the additional return trip to the clinic and may risk losing their job if they take more time off work. Many low income families may have already waited before seeking help thus creating their own watchful waiting period. They also may not be able to afford antibiotics and as a result may not give the full dose if symptoms have subsided. The perception is that they will save the medication for the next time symptoms arise. Confidentiality might be an issue in smaller communities. People tend to be concerned about neighbors and co-workers and some may not care to share their experience with others. This may be an issue for parents who don’t share custody as in the case of divorce. It is a greater issue when parents or partners don’t share the same fundamental values, especially those related to healthcare. Conclusion: Watchful waiting like the nurses in this clinic are looking at may be useful for some of the patients, but not all. Again, a one size fits all philosophy is not always appropriate in healthcare. Tools like algorithms may be helpful in determining the appropriateness for watching and waiting versus immediate action as determined by physical findings and social circumstances like parental adherence for follow up and ability to afford treatment. Whatever course you choose, watchful waiting or immediate antibiotics the best practice remains a plan of care based on the individual needs of our patients. References Block, S. L. (1997). Causative pathogens, antibiotic resistance and therapeutic considerations in acute otitis media. The Pediatric Infectious disease Journal , Volume 16 (4) pp 449-456. McCracken, G. H. (1998). Treatment of acute otitis media in an era of increasing microbial resistance. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal , Volume 17(6) pp576-579. media, P. o. (n. d. ). Interviews. (C. nurses, Interviewer) PE Kelley, N. F. (2006). Ear, Nose and. In M. L. W. W. Hay, Current Pediatric Diagnoisis and Treatment (pp. 459-492). Lang. Subcommittee on Management of Acute Otitis Media. (2004). American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Family Physicians. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis and Manegment of Acute Otitis Media. American Academy of Pediatrics , Vol. 113 No 5 1451-1465.

Walt Whitman :: essays research papers

Mysticism, Democracy, Individuality&Personality The 1881 publication of the Leaves of Grass contained more than twenty-four poems, which were reasonably filled with ten or more diversified types of themes. Walt Whitman the author and compiler of this exceptional work changed the status of poetry writing through his utilization of thought and expression in the publication of the Leaves of Grass. Ralph Waldo Emerson, a collogue and admirer of Walt once spoke this of him '…Whitman, that Sir, is a strange case, a case unknown to any of us, unless we should stumble upon him at church one day…';(Chase 142). A prevalent subject in all of Whitman's poetry is his use of the Divine Soul (god), which tends to explicate that Whitman was a very strong believer in his religion. Whitman use of themes discusses his own individuality and personality; he wanted to explain the democracy of America, and its achievements, while giving poetical thought to the great mysteries that plagued mankind of his generation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The human self was comprised of physical and spiritual annex which both contained a self and soul as was characterized by Whitman. The self that Whitman spoke of was a man's own individual identity, which has a distinct quality and being, different from the selves of other men, but could be utilized to identify other men. The soul is another type of identity of mankind, which finds its niche in a human, and begins to amplify its personality. This self and soul that embodies every man on this celestial body is a portion of the divine soul also known as god. Whitman's use of these two elements led him to a closer path towards god, as he once said '… A man, who finds himself, is I the way of coming closer in contact with god…';(Whitman 104). Some critics confuse Whitman's use of self and soul to be egotism through his use of the pronoun 'I';, but he uses 'I'; as a universal, a part of the angelic world (God), and therefore he is not an egotistical man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Whitman had a deep faith in the democracy of America because this political form of government respected the individual. He believed that the United States was best expressed through the common citizen, not the executive branch or the legislature. Another belief of Whitman is that in democracy, the common person had a deathless attachment to freedom. This attitude of Whitman could be traced back to the Enlightenment of the 18th century, where he thought that all evil dwelled in the oppressive social institutions, not in the naive human mind. Walt Whitman :: essays research papers Mysticism, Democracy, Individuality&Personality The 1881 publication of the Leaves of Grass contained more than twenty-four poems, which were reasonably filled with ten or more diversified types of themes. Walt Whitman the author and compiler of this exceptional work changed the status of poetry writing through his utilization of thought and expression in the publication of the Leaves of Grass. Ralph Waldo Emerson, a collogue and admirer of Walt once spoke this of him '…Whitman, that Sir, is a strange case, a case unknown to any of us, unless we should stumble upon him at church one day…';(Chase 142). A prevalent subject in all of Whitman's poetry is his use of the Divine Soul (god), which tends to explicate that Whitman was a very strong believer in his religion. Whitman use of themes discusses his own individuality and personality; he wanted to explain the democracy of America, and its achievements, while giving poetical thought to the great mysteries that plagued mankind of his generation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The human self was comprised of physical and spiritual annex which both contained a self and soul as was characterized by Whitman. The self that Whitman spoke of was a man's own individual identity, which has a distinct quality and being, different from the selves of other men, but could be utilized to identify other men. The soul is another type of identity of mankind, which finds its niche in a human, and begins to amplify its personality. This self and soul that embodies every man on this celestial body is a portion of the divine soul also known as god. Whitman's use of these two elements led him to a closer path towards god, as he once said '… A man, who finds himself, is I the way of coming closer in contact with god…';(Whitman 104). Some critics confuse Whitman's use of self and soul to be egotism through his use of the pronoun 'I';, but he uses 'I'; as a universal, a part of the angelic world (God), and therefore he is not an egotistical man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Whitman had a deep faith in the democracy of America because this political form of government respected the individual. He believed that the United States was best expressed through the common citizen, not the executive branch or the legislature. Another belief of Whitman is that in democracy, the common person had a deathless attachment to freedom. This attitude of Whitman could be traced back to the Enlightenment of the 18th century, where he thought that all evil dwelled in the oppressive social institutions, not in the naive human mind.

Paparazzi Policy Speech

Being a celebrity means putting up with people wanting to take pictures with you and signing your autograph all the time. Everyone understands its in the job description to be followed and stared at. But when does a person taking a harmless picture cross the line into harassment? Yes its sad to think that these people don't get any privacy anymore, but what most of us need to worry about is that it could affect us next. Paparazzi have gotten more wild and out of control over the years and if we don't do anything about it now, it will only get worse.SLIDESHOW First we will go over exactly what the problem with the paparazzi is; such as how they are hired for magazines and abuse their power as a means to stalk individuals, not only celebrities but also professional athletes. Then we will find out the causes of the problem, and what effects they have had on the public, such as the laws that are currently in use but not working, and the injuries that innocent bystanders are getting becau se of the crazy paparazzi.Lastly, we will discover a solution for this dangerous situation, in which we will advertise high restrictions and greater punishments to any paparazzo who doesn't obey these laws. Lets begin by discovering exactly why the paps are dangerous. By not making enough restrictions for the paparazzi, we are basically encouraging them to continue to put our safety at risk. Paparazzi are described as freelance photographers who aggressively pursue celebrities to take candid pictures, which they plan to sell to magazines and tabloids for profit.According to an article in Suite 101 on August 7, 2008 written by Rachel Oliva, the term paparazzi actually comes from â€Å"paparazzo† which is italian for buzzing mosquito. You can definitly see the similarities. Paparazzi are infamous for car chases, causing disruptions and many other tactics to try and get rises out of the celebrities they are stalking. They have no consideration or care for the people they put in danger in order for them to get the perfect picture. Sadly, magazines pay huge sums of money for these pictures.Another article from Suite 101 written by Tara Gilbert on October 18, 2007 speculated that a picture of a celeb with no make up on can go for more than $10,000. Therefore, a fine of a mere $500 for running a red light is well worth getting the picture. Not only is this happening in the US, but in every country that celebs visit, you can count on a swarm of paparazzi being there. Especially in India, which is notorious for its terrible drivers, paparazzi are only making the conditions worse. Athletes are also being victimized by the aggressive photographers.Imagine a professional football or baseball player with a huge game the next day, The last thing they need to worry about is being harassed and photographed, which only adds to the stress in their life. In relation to us, we also have to worry about the paparazzi here in Malibu. Since we live in a place where many celebr ities have chosen to live, we get to tell cool stories to our friends about seeing adam sandler in Malibu Yo. However we also have to worry about the photographers hiding behind bushes and jumping out into the street hoping to catch the stars in surprise.And driving down PCH we are very likely to get in an accident with a reckless paparazzo and a frantic celebrity. David Halbfinger from the New York Times described in his article on June 9 2005 Some tactics that Paparazzi use to get the perfect picture, including using several vehicles to â€Å"box in† a celebrity's car, run the stars off the road, or chase them at a high speed. They recklessly put pedestrians, other drivers and even themselves at risk. Celebrities themselves are speaking out about the paparazzi as well.According to the same New York Times article, Reese Witherspoon, Famous for her role on Legally Blonde and Sweet Home Alabama, said a paparazzi actually tried to ram the back of her car, which they had never d one before. The most famous of paparazzi- caused deaths was Princess Diana of Wales, who was killed in a high speed car chase trying to lose several paprazzi. SLIDESHOW An investigation was completed on April 7 2008 and in the Huffington Post, author Robert Barr concluded the fault was given to Princess Di's driver and the pursuing paparazzi for reckless behavior equal to manslaughter.Robert Barr goes on to say that nine of the paparazzi involved were charged with manslaughter, but the charges were thrown out in 2002. Only three photographers were convicted of invasion of privacy and fined exactly one euro in 2006. One euro? Really? If paparazzi can get away with killing one of the most respected women in the world and only have to pay one Euro, then something needs to be changed in our system. Now that we have found out exactly why the paparazzi are dangerous, Lets continue on to the causes of this problem.This problem exists because we as a community have allowed the paparazzi to take advantage of our lax laws. In the same article that Tara Gilbert wrote in 2007, she wrote that the paparazzi justify their tactics by using the 1st amendment Free speech excuse as their failsafe way of saying they are just doing their jobs. The laws that are in place now include one from 1999 that protects celebrities privacy in a minimal way, saying that pictures taken illegally from when paparazzi have trespassed can not be sold for profit. Hollywood. om author Ken wok describes the law as needing to be updated. This law doesn't say anything about car chases, doesn't protect the bystanders who are getting involved when the paparazzi get too angsty and doesn't put a boundary on how aggressive they can be. Although there are those few celebrities who use the paparazzi as a way to get more publicity and continue to be relevant, there are far more who are fighting back against them. Literally. According to Darrell Hartman's June 7 2010 article in Vanity Fair, Sean Penn found a pa parazzi in his hotel room nd proceeded to dangle the guy out his hotel room window by his heels. Kanye West smashed a paparazzos camera after they harassed him in an airport. And hugh grant threw a tub of baked beans at the paparazzi after they had followed him in london. He also karate kicked another pap in New York. Now that have gone over the problems and the causes, we can try to find solutions. Luckily, Governor Schwarzenegger was already thinking about this problem a month ago.Patrick McGreevy wrote an article in the Los Angeles Times on October 1, 2010 saying that the governor signed a bill that cracks down on photographers who drive recklessly in pursuit of celebrities or block sidewalks. It Includes possible jail time of a year. The bill also has greater punishments of the photographers who break trespassing laws and those who recklessly flout traffic ordinances. It charges over $5000 to any photographer who interferes with anyones car, not just a celebrities. However any p hotographers means newspaper journalists or television cameras are included too.By increasing the fee, hopefully paparazzi will be less likely to be aggressive and endanger peoples safety. While this bill is great, I suggest taking it even farther. Forcing the magazines to lower their rates for pictures of celebrities will make paparazzi think twice about the repercussions of driving recklessly. Andrew Blankstein of Century City news wrote in an article on October 1 2010, that explained how the value of celebrity photos tends to increase the franticness of paparazzi behavior. By taking away the reward's value, gambling with reckless driving may seem like its not worth it.Combined with the new bill that increases their punishments, the paparazzi will be forced to the conclusion that the risk of getting caught isn't worth the money they would get from a magazine. And lastly the one thing that all of us can do easily, is if we ever see a celebrity being harassed by paparazzi, we can ca ll the authorities. Most paparazzi get charges against them dropped because no witnesses come forward. With the extra punishments involved, these paparazzi will have to risk jail, or simply abide by the law. In conclusion, paparazzi are dangerous to celebs and innocent bystanders alike.Dubner states in his 2009 article that â€Å"when you are famous, your every move is of interest to someone, and consequently of value to someone else. † The bill that the governor signed last month will raise the punishments for paparazzi who break the law, and by forcing the magazines to lower the price of celebrity pictures by more than 80%, the payoff wont be as great for the photographers, hopefully discouraging them from doing anything illegal to get the pictures. These things combined can help celebrities, athletes, and normal people alike stay safe when paparazzis are around. SLIDESHOW

Happiness in Marriage Essay

What changes did Sanger describe in married relations in recent generations? Marriage was synonymous with maternity. But the pain, the suffering, the wrecked lives of women and children that such a system caused, show us that it did not work successfully. Like all other professions, motherhood must serve its period of apprenticeship. What changes did Sanger hope would come about if unplanned pregnancies still occur in the United States? Sanger hoped if unplanned pregnancy could be prevented it would allow the husband and wife to become more stable before planning a decision of having a child. That in the end it would help them to support and afford proper care for the child. Do debates concerning birth control and unplanned pregnancies still occur in the U. S.? Yes debates still occur in the United States some churches still don’t recognize birth control and don’t allowed abortion. Are Sanger’s points still relevant and explain your decision? I would say yes, it’s still relevant because of high number of young adults having unplanned pregnancy without knowledge of the future and the risk of having a unborn child at a young age. How do Sanger’s views on marriage apply to today’s definition of ‘marriage’ (single parents, same sex parenting, and blended families). Sanger ‘s definition apply to a happy relationship between husband and wife, but for today society we have different types of parents some are in same sex, divorce and single parent who are just happy to have a children and do the responsibility of the parent even if the child is theirs or not, but for me I will not include the â€Å"OctoMom† Nadya Suleman on the single parenting because she cannot support those kids and now that it’s the tax payer’s money is suffering from her wrong doing.

Image And Reality Essays - Kennedy Family, Free Essays, Term Papers

Image And Reality Essays - Kennedy Family, Free Essays, Term Papers Image And Reality Valery Potakh Mr. Anderson US History 1A, P.7 24 November 1998 Image and Reality In the years since the thousand days many questions have been raised and are still being studied about John F. Kennedy. A Life of John F. Kennedy: A Question of Character is a book written by Thomas C. Reeves, in which Reeves discusses these issues. JFK was a great man, and yet there are still some things that one must take into consideration. His morality was always somewhat of an uncertainty; be that as it may, these questions are still not openly discussed. People were always taken aback by his personality, good looks, and youth. After his death, it was quite difficult for most people to accept some of the newly discovered negative information about him. The man meant so much to some people that it was impossible to say something less than perfect. But all the same, facts can not be denied. While one may think that each is responsible for his or her actions, that is not always the case. Much of Jacks character develops and originates from his family. He applied these beliefs to his life as well as his presidency. His great grandfather Joseph Kennedys indifference toward people, and the will to do anything to get what he wants, helped to shape much of the character in the entire Kennedy line. Inferior treatment of women also originated from this source. The lacking of a sufficient background as well as a good role model helped shape much of Kennedys negative characteristics. This was reflected in most of his decisions, as a result. So therefore, diversity between Kennedys presidential appearance, and his private life of scandals, was unmistakable. His indifference to the values of proper judgement, unselfishness, and sincerity to his wife and work was also reflected in his ability to make thought out decisions. Though interesting enough, his greatest talent was the ability to manipulate himself well enough that it appeared as though he contained the qualities of an effective leader. In spite of some obvious differences between his acting and the reality, John F. Kennedy was probably one of the most liked presidents. During and after his era people felt inspired to go out and make a difference. JFK had a look to him that made him likable to others. One may even say he was a people person. He had the ability to enrapture people with his capriciousness and elegant personality. Therefore much of the books written about Kennedy felt that his unblemished reputation was important to keep. Maybe this is because the authors were often close friends of Kennedy. As a result not all of the books told the complete truth about some of the fundamentals before and during JFKs presidency. While on the other hand, other authors, who were close to JFK, did disclose a lot of information, which is how most of the crimination today, is known. The congressional investigation in 1975, generated some alarming questions concerning Jacks character (Reeves xii). Consequently, a greater gap could be seen between the image presented to the public and that of the factual. Despite his superlative leadership and his portrayal as a great and morally sound-man, John F. Kennedy was really a man with lack of ethical values and integrity. A lot can be said about a mans character from the way he runs his household. If one takes this stand, than not much can be said about John F. Kennedy. Jacks marriage was his father Joes idea originally. The elder Kennedy believed that it would be undoubtedly good for JFKs career. At one point the Ambassador says, a wife and a family [are] political necessities (111). Jacks consistent unfaithfulness to his wife was completely immoral. The night before his senatorial election, Jack and his inner circle of friends were out watching a pornographic movie (166). During Jacks presidential campaigns he continued his infidelity. Just before a debate with Nixon, jack inquired if there were any girls waiting for him. Ninety minutes before airtime, Kennedy was in a hotel room with a call girl (202). JFK was also involved with a woman named Inga Arvad. She was suspected of being a German spy at the time, and was being watched by

Great Wall of China Essay If You Have a Writer’s Block

Great Wall of China Essay If You Have a Writer’s Block The Great Wall of China can be righteously called one of the building miracles that survive in modern world. There is so much to say about it in your Great Wall of China essay that you might be lost at all the options. We have assembled some of them for you to consider and to choose one for your Great Wall of China essay. Great Wall of China Essay: Option #1 The Great Wall of China is a unique architectural construction, unrivalled in modern world. In your Great Wall of China essay, you can choose to conduct a historical and architectural investigation of this wonderful fortress. Trace historical sources as to when and by whom the Great Wall of China was built, as well as what function it performed. Did it accomplish its protective functions? Has it remained in the same condition through the centuries or was it rebuilt from different materials? These are just some of the many questions to consider in your Great Wall of China essay. Great Wall of China Essay: Option #2 Preservation of historical heritage is one of the key tasks for the educated people nowadays. You can dedicated your Great Wall of China essay to discussion of the state of the Great Wall of China. Has it preserved completely? Is it protected by law? Is it regularly maintained? What should be done to let our progeny see it in the same glory as it is now? Great Wall of China Essay: Option #3 There has been a lot of dispute on the visibility of the Great Wall of China from space. In your Great Wall of China essay you can track the documents on this matter and dwell on the issue. What conclusions do you reach from your research? Is the Great Wall of China visible from space or not?

A Dialogue between a Hindu Upanishad and a Jain Essay

A Dialogue between a Hindu Upanishad and a Jain - Essay Example It is because I am free from suffering as my state (moksha) has liberated me from it. I do not wish anyone or anything ill and so this forest shall not harm me. I am pleased wherever I am. Religious A (Hindu): Wherever you are is not actually where you are. You see my friend, what you thought as you is not actually you because what you think you are that is trapped in this forest is just the body that houses the atman, which is your soul or the real you. The real you actually cannot perish and it does not matter where you are whether you are pleased or not because the real you cannot be harmed. Religious A (Hindu): I am confident because my atman will unite with its natural universe which is the Brahman. Brahman my friend could be this forest because it is all that permeates all things where it held all being and existence. Right now, in this forest with all its peace and tranquility, the atman becoming the Brahman is beginning to become more apparent to me. Religious B (Jain): That is so wonderful of you my friend. But your conviction and confidence may lead you to suffering because it entertains and contains the mana or ego that leads you to perish and suffer. Religious A (Hindu): No my friend, I don’t perish. I will just be reborn again to improve my karma so I am not worried about any harm. Sometimes death, or perishing as you call it is necessary to complete the cycle of birth and death. This is to allow me to improve my karma through their lifetime of action until I achieved enlightenment and vijnana. Religious B (Jain): Looks like we share the same sentiment my friend. I too strive to achieve nirvana and be released by the karmic bondage. Hey look! The town is already ahead. It looks like it is not our day after all to begin the cycle of

Visual analyzation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Visual analyzation - Research Paper Example Majority of their statues represent aged look. This sculpted head created in marble gives all the minor and major details of an elderly matured face. The facial expression are crafted skillfully in marble which gives the complete details of the face representing sheer determination, experience and power. Romans highly admired such characteristics. The face has the perfect folds and bulges which gives the head a very realistic view. Portrait of Augustus is the sculpture of Octavian Caesar who became the first Roman Emperor in 44 BC. He was the nephew of Julius Caesar and some historians mentioned him as his adopted son too. During 27 BC, he was awarded as the title of â€Å"Augustus† by the Senate. Augustus ruled over the Roman Empire for 41 years. He was known for establishing peace, tranquility and prosperity within his domain. The original sculpture is in bronze, however; the marble copy is present in Vatican Museum located in Rome. The sculpture represents Augustus addressing the troops with his hand held out. The inclusion of Cupid on the side of the sculpture represents the divine descent of Augustus (Source: http://www.the-art-minute.com/augustus-of-primaporta-spin-city/). The original sculpture is painted in color. The bodily portrait of Augustus highlights deeply his masculine features that represent his masculinity, authority, grace and experience which is prominent from his facial features. Th e purpose of the statue was to promote the political propaganda and to highlight the authority and control Augustus held during his times. He is depicted like god of war wearing the military clothes. The portrait of Constantine was created in 330 CE. It is about 30 feet in height. However, the head of Constantine is 8 feet high. The entire body of the portrait was made up of less precious material but the head, hands and feet are made of fine marble. The statue was at first