Health - 5831 Words

A framework to measure the impact of investments in health research OECD Blue Sky II Forum, September 25, 2006 Alan Bernstein, Vern Hicks, Peggy Borbey, Terry Campbell Abstract This paper describes the approach taken by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) to develop a framework and indicators to measure the impact of health research. The development process included national and international consultations. Key methodology challenges and measurement requirements were identified. The framework that has resulted from this process includes definitions of key concepts, methodology guidelines, identification of the different stakeholders for impact information and the individual concerns of each stakeholder group. Indicators are†¦show more content†¦The framework and draft indicators were published on the CIHR website in January 2006. 1 Since that time CIHR has been experimenting with populating some of the indicators. This has led to some refinements and updates, which are included in this paper. This paper provides a brief description of the conceptual framework and then discusses specific indicators. The discussion centres on the potential use of each indicator, availability of data and approaches that can be used to develop data that are not presently available. Illustrative examples for specific indicators are included, where possible. The next section includes a brief review of methodology challenges in measuring impact. The third section describes the CIHR framework and the last section discusses indicators chosen for the initial years of an ongoing development process. CIHR Operating Model CIHR Institutes Human Development, Child and Youth Health Infection and Immunity Musculoskeletal Health and Arthritis Neurosciences, Mental Health and Addiction Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes Population and Public Health Aboriginal Peoples’ Health Aging Cancer Research Circulatory and Respiratory Health Gender and Health Genetics Health Services and Policy Research Research Themes (Pillars) Biomedical research Clinical research Health services and policy research Population and public health research 2 Core Outcomes Research Show MoreRelatedHealth Of Health And Wellbeing1583 Words   |  7 Pages Health, as defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) (1946), is the â€Å"state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity†. Alternate definitions include â€Å"a dynamic state of well-being characterised by a physical and mental potential, which satisfies the demands of life commensurate with age, culture, and personal responsibility† (Birscher, 2005). Health and wellbeing statistics are vital information as an indicator of the health of theRead MoreHealth Behavior And Health Education Essay1677 Words   |  7 Pages Health Behavior and Health Education Analysis Paper Increasing the Proportion of Adults at a Healthy Weight Kavya Pidaparthi University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Increasing the Proportion of Adults at a Healthy Weight As the world is changing dramatically in terms of the technology that was available a couple of decades ago, so are the health challenges and threats that we are facing. In the 1980s, the major public health problems were related to the wide spread presence of infectiousRead MoreHealth Of Health And Health994 Words   |  4 Pages Today I see health and health education, as a big issue in society but not everyone else seems to have the same thought. Growing up with two parents who worked in the health department has given me a huge desire to live a healthy lifestyle. People need to have more opportunity to be health educated and have the resources to succeed in what they have learned. In society people should be able to be aware of their bodies and what they can do to improve their lifestyle. Social change is something thatRead MorePersonal Health Of Public Health1465 Words   |  6 PagesHealth is the most precious asset in the possession of human beings. From my classroom experience and through interaction with literature texts, I have come to the conclusion that people can be responsible for their health. As a student of public health, it is important to maintain good personal health in order to address the public health problems in the future. To be responsible for my personal health, I have taken the in itiative to implement a personal health behavior changing plan to test whetherRead MoreHealth And Health Of Health3576 Words   |  15 Pagesdescribe what is meant by health and what determinants are thought to affect health. An individual’s health is influenced by a range of determinants. Health promotion plays a big part in an individual’s health and wellbeing, one type of health promotion can be the way in which education can influence an individual. This learning log seeks to address the role that health education and promotion can help patients to take more responsibility for their own health. Aside from health promotion, nurses andRead MoreHealth Of Health And Global Health1460 Words   |  6 Pagesagree that health plays a huge role in society. The definition for health can be broad and covers not only the biology part many refer to. Health covers the physiology and sociology factors as well. There are two different types of health that can be seen interchange ably because they both focus on improving ones health. Public health and Global health are both equally important in society. Public health focuses on a specific population or communities where as global health focus on health across nationalRead MoreHealth Concerns And Its Effects On Health Essay1442 Words   |  6 Pagesdoors and get lost in wall-to-wall shelves of products addressing health concerns so obscure that even the most neurotic hypochondriac would feel at ease. There are probiotics, herbal therapies, bodybuilding supplements, smart pills, beverage infusions, vitamins and minerals, you name it. The products on these shelves represent the fruits of a thirty billion dollar industry that capitalizes on consumers’ desire to aspire beyond good health into the illusive realm of wellness—however that is defined (ReinbergRead MoreThe Health Of Human Health1243 Words   |  5 PagesThe health Health of human is the involvements of those conditions, which is regarded as functional, wellbeing and the absence of illness, in which illness sometimes resulted to be chronic or leading cause death. Much of this health had a position outcome if an individual illness is severe it led to its prevalence of being cured or uncured of this disease may resulted a permanent of harm in humans. Health status Health status of human does involve those that are genius for an individual wellnessRead MorePhysical Health And Its Effects On The Health Of The Environment1448 Words   |  6 Pagesyour ability. There are multiple facets to our daily health. Physical health consists of our ability to perform normal activities of daily living. Social health is the ability to have a broad social network and have satisfying interpersonal A relationships with friends, family members, and partners is a key part of overall wellness.Intellectual health includes the ability to think clearly, reason objectively and analyze critically. Emotional health enables people to express emotions when appropriateRead MoreHealth Of Achieving Health And Wellness2104 Words   |  9 PagesAchieving health and wellness is a highly individualized, dynamic process that is characterized by six interrelated dimensions: physical, social, intellectual, emotional, spiritual, and environmental health. The focus of this paper is my physical health as it relates to wellness. Furthermore, the objective of focusing on my physical health is to identify current health behaviors and factors that may be impacting and prohibiting me from achieving optimal physical health. Using the Transtheoretical

Dna And Dna Is Responsible For Containing Genetic...

Leah Jaron LAIS 370 Professor Miller 24 April 2014 Rosalind Franklin and DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the molecule that is responsible for containing genetic information in living organisms and viruses. As Olby concisely describes, DNA was first discovered by Fritz Miescher, who found a substance in the nucleus of a cell that he named â€Å"nuclein† in 1869 (xix). From there, in 1919, Phoebus Levene researched this substance, and discovered that nucleins were more accurately described by the term, nucleic acids. Levene also discovered that DNA contains nucleobases- adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine- as well as a phosphate group and deoxyribose. Levene thought that these bases had a fixed order (77). Then, in 1927, Nikolai Koltsov proposed the function of DNA- that it contains inherited traits and can duplicate because it has two main backbones, one of which is used as a template for this duplication (117). The next step in understanding this new particle was to figure out its structure. William Astbury was the f irst to produce x-ray diffraction images of DNA and proposed a structure of DNA, where the base was a spring-like shape that contained the nucleobases in the loops (66). In the early 1950s, Pauling and Corey proposed a triple-stranded DNA structure, and Fraser proposed a triple helix structure. James Watson and Francis Crick, the two scientists known for discovering the double helix structure of DNA, first met in 1951 at the Cavendish Laboratory ofShow MoreRelatedGenetic Modification of Food Essay3178 Words   |  13 PagesBACKGROUND INFORMATION To begin, a brief distinction among the terms â€Å"genetically engineered,† â€Å"genetically modified organism,† and â€Å"genetically modified food† will be made. Quite frequently, these terms are used interchangeably despite having different meanings. Genetic engineering refers to scientific methods (the actual processes) in which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) genes from an organism are introduced directly into another (regardless of sexual compatibility) for a desired outcome. The plantsRead MoreEukaryotic And Prokaryotic Of Cells1739 Words   |  7 Pageswall like plant cells, but whereas the cell walls in the plant cells are made from cellulose, the cell wall in a fungal cell is made from chitin. This is a polymer made from N-acetylglucosamine. Prokaryote is the name of a kingdom for organisms, and all bacteria fall into this kingdom. The prokaryote kingdom is enormous, and prokaryotes are found in every known habitat on the planet. Bacteria are very useful, they can be used in biomedical sciences to help develop medicines, and they canRead MoreAbout Cells Essay2434 Words   |  10 Pagessmallest unit of an organism that can function independently. All living organisms are made of cells, and it is generally held that nothing less than a cell can truly be said to be alive. Some microscopic organisms, such as bacteria and protozoa, are single cells whereas animals and plants are composed of many millions of cells assembled into tissues and organs. Although viruses and cell-free extracts are able to perform many individual functions of a living cell, they lackRead MoreIs the Use of Transgeneric Organisms Essential to the Advancement of Therapeutic Medicine?1315 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Genetic modification is currently at the forefront of modern science and is being utilised in various fields such as medicine, agriculture and industry. Genetically Modified or transgenic organisms are organisms that have been genetically altered in a specific way for a particular purpose. It is now possible for scientists to exchange genes from one species of organism to another. This process is performed when certain characteristics of one organism are desired in another organism of a differentRead MoreBIOLOGY GRADE 11 NOTES Essay examples6702 Words   |  27 Pagesï » ¿Biology Grade 11 Exam Study Guide Diversity Taxonomic Categories Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Hierarchy From most general to most specific Binomial Nomenclature System used to identify all organisms on Earth Identifies an organism by its genus and species (ex. Humans-homo sapiens) Developed by Linnaeus in the 18th century Identifying Species 3 methods: Morphology ïÆ'   Form and shape ïÆ'   It is simple but there are natural variations in population Biology Read MoreWhy Does the Same Drug Affect People Differently?2500 Words   |  10 PagesWhy Does The Same Drug Affect People Differently? By: Brianna Morse Basic Genetics and the Inheritance of Genes What are Genetics? Have you ever wondered why you have your mother’s eyes of your father’s hair color? The simplest answer for this would be genetics. Genetics is the study of heredity or inheritance. Genetics helps to explain how traits are passed from parents to their young. Parents pass traits to their young through gene transmission (for example hair and eye color, shape of earsRead MoreExecutive Summary : Anti Gmo3426 Words   |  14 PagesAnti GMO Christiady: GMOs are genetically modified organisms. They are made by infusing viruses or altering the DNA of cells to produce an organism to the specified design. The process includes taking genes from one species and inserting them into another. GMOs can be made using four steps; using viruses/ bacteria to infect animal/ plant cell with new DNA, coating DNA into tiny metal pellets and firing the m into the cells, injecting the DNA into tiny fertilized eggs with a needle, and usingRead MoreEssay A Brief Discussion of Genetic Diseases2240 Words   |  9 Pages Since the discovery in 1928 via the Griffith experiment (an experiment dealing with bacterial transformation) that DNA carried genetic information, many important discoveries have been made regarding the human genome and its extent in the determination of phenotypic traits. Not least of these is the discovery and study of genetic disorders, or diseases caused by abnormalities within the genes. Disorders of this nature can be ca used by a variety of factors. Some diseases such as HuntingtonsRead MoreChapter 13 Review9122 Words   |  37 Pagesupregulated in E. coli. true 2 Different globin polypeptides are expressed at similar levels during the embryonic and fetal stages of mammalian development. false 3 RNA polymerase can bind to the promoter region of the DNA even when the lac repressor is bound to the operator site. true Hide 4 Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes require a promoter region for gene transcription. true 5 Eukaryotic genes are almost always organized in groupsRead MoreBCH190 Essay14810 Words   |  60 Pagesï » ¿Quiz # 2 on lectures 3, 4, and including Chapter 2 1. Difference occurs in the sequence of long chain molecules and becomes information in biological organisms. ‘Life’ assembles itself into chains: (A) of RNA (B) all of the answers are correct (C) of DNA (D) of protein (E) none of these answers are correct 2. Which of the following foods is not a significant source of complex carbohydrates? (A) fresh fruit (B) rice (C) pasta (D) oatmeal (E) all of the above are significant

Hospitality Marketing Management of ALDI

Question: Discuss about the Hospitality Marketing Management of ALDI. Answer: Introduction: A business can only expand its profitability and market share by appropriate marketing efforts. The success of a business organization is dependent upon successful marketing operations. The marketing strategy of a business encompasses advertising, public relations, marketing and sales. In the absence of marketing efforts, the company cannot obtain more customers as they are unaware of the company and the products it offered and their quality. Marketing can be defined as the process through which a business organization introduces and promotes its products to the potential customers (Reid and Bojanic, 2009). The present business scenario is characterized by high competition among the business organizations in the same industry. The efforts of the company to develop qualitative products and keeping low prices become worthless, if the customers do not know about it. Therefore, the companies use marketing strategy to promote its products and benefits of purchasing them. The retail busine ss industry is characterized by enormous competition and low profit margins. The supermarket companies struggle to achieve their profitability margins. In this scenario, it is important for the companies like Aldi to create a robust marketing strategy to combat competitiveness and increase market share. In this regard, in this report, the present marketing strategy if Aldi is examined and strategic recommendations are made so that the business organization can move forward. Background to the Company Aldi is one of the largest retail organizations across the globe with headquarters in Germany. The company was founded in 1913 and since then has established itself as one of the leading retail organizations. Since Aldi is a German organization, it has maximum market share in the country. However, recently, the organization has also expanded its business operations in other European countries, the US, Australia and planning to enter the Chinese market. Aldi has over 8000 retail stores across the globe. Although the market share of Aldi is low in the UK (approximately 10%), its importance is growing as more and more customers prefer low cost products offered by the company. Similarly, the company is also expanding its operations in other countries. In Europe, the major competitor of Aldi is lidl, which is also a discount retailer. In Australia, the company began as a discount retailer selling its own private label. The company achieves low prices by limiting the branded products in it s retail outlets and selling its own private label. In Australia, Aldi covered the market niche of low budget people which was previously held by Franklins. After the defunct of the Franklins, Aldi was successful in holding the market share. The target customers make direct transition when Franklins went into trouble and closed down (Croxon, 2012). Previously, the company was known for its cheap and low quality products; however, it has increased its market share by offering unique products like organic foods (Butler, 2016). In the UK, the company has obtained over 10% market share. In Australia also, the sales of the company has raised up to seven billion dollars (IGD Retail Analysis, 2016). Marketing analysis Aldi entered Australia in 2001 and has over 400 stores across the country. Throughout its internationalization, the company has stuck by its price advantage strategy where it offers private label products at a very low cost. Recently, the customers have also adopted a positive outlook towards private labels and preferring it in comparison to big brands. In Australia, it has also adopted the strategy of targeting middle-class customers who want quality products at affordable prices. It has created a niche by providing private label products to its customers and focusing on grocery shoppers. Moreover, the company has also started focusing on customer satisfaction and ranks highest among all the retail chains. It is also trying to distinguish itself from the largest retail chains of Australia, Coles and Woolworths who are a mirror image of themselves. It has also implemented self-service checkouts and plastic bags to increase the customer service (Evans, 2016). In order to target the mi ddle-class customers of Australia, the company is sacrificing its low budget image. As per the current strategy of the company, Aldi is focusing on supplying fresh produce from the farms, enhancing the product display and modifying the architecture of the company to increase navigation. Aldi is also focusing on tapping the ethical customer base by adding features like reduced energy consumption, implementing LED lights and organic food products. By introducing the self-service option, the company is reducing check-in times and increasing the operational efficiency (Australian Food News, 2015). Aldis online marketing strategy is focused on email marketing wherein the company sends emails to all the customers in its database regarding special buys and new arrivals. The strategy is successful in creating excitement and building urgency in the product. As Aldi sells low-cost products to its customers, it invest minimal amount on the marketing of the organization. The primary marketing methods of the company are word of mouth and email marketing. The customers benefits from the positive image of the organization built by its previous customers. The retail market chain is scientific in its research and adapted its business model according to the Australian market (Reynolds, 2014). On the basis of the above discussion, the marketing mix of the company in Australia can be presented as: Product: Aldi offers low rice and private label products. It maintains the quality of its label and sells them in attractive packaging to increase its market share. The company is also targeting the middle class customers by offering qualitative products at low prices. It offers several niche products at low price range. Moreover, in order to increase efficiency, it has initiated self-service system. It is implementing environment-friendly practices to tap the ethical customers towards the organization. Price: The major competitive advantage of the company is its low price and cheap products. The company is able to reduce the cost of the products by keeping the operational costs low. Promotion: The Company does not invest heavily in promotions. The primary methods used by the company are word of mouth and online marketing. Place: Aldi is starting opening its stores in rural areas to tap rural markets and in remote locations to increase market share. It focuses on simplifying the design of retail outlets to enhance customer experience. Strategic Marketing Options for Aldi moving forward Aldi has been successful in distinguishing itself from its major competitors Coles and Woolworths by focusing on middle-class and lower-middle class customers. Since its entry to the Australian market, the company has grown substantially, despite the failure of other foreign retailers. In this regard, the company needs to implement strategies so that it can distinguish itself from its marker competitors and increase market share. Following recommendations can be used by Aldi to grow its market share. Strategic Alliance with Farmers: Since the company sells its own private label, Aldi has to focus on maintaining the quality of the grocery products. The company can maintain the quality of the products by creating strategic alliance with farmers regarding quality audit and maintenance. Along with it, the company should also get its supplies from sustainable agriculture to show its inclination towards the sustainable practices and responsibility towards the environment. Online stores and Mobile Application: The Company should launch online and mobile based shopping for the Australian customers. Today, most of the customers prefer online and mobile shopping due to the comfort and ease provided of checking all the services and products at home. The company should establish the facility wherein the customers can place order online or through mobile app and the company provides home delivery for the booked services. Loyalty Cards and Discounts: In order to maintain the customer loyalty and increase the market share, the company can introduce loyalty cards like its competitors wherein the regular customers will be given loyalty cards on repeat purchase. The customers can begin the practice of offering discounts popular products to attract new customers in the organization. Using Business Analytics to predict trends: The Company should implement business analytic methods to forecast the social trend and the consumer behavior in the major markets. Accordingly, the company should adapt its produce range and service offerings to maximize its market share. Aldi should exploit the social trends and use them to increase their competitive advantage. The company can use big data or determine the social trends through online channels and social media. Marketing options: Aldi has a limited marketing strategy wherein the company uses word of mouth and online mediums to promote itself. The company can also use social media or broadcast media such as Newspapers or televisions to promote its products and services. As the company mainly deals with grocery products, the major target customers of the company are families and people in the middle-age group. These customers prefer watching television or reading newspapers; therefore, the company should include them in its marketing strategy. Conclusions Conclusively, it can be stated that Aldi is a major retailer across the globe. The company is renowned for its cheap products and private labels. Recently, by focusing on the quality of the products, the company has increased its market share in several countries such as the UK and Australia. Aldi has hanged its marketing policy in the country to break the duopoly of Coles and Woolworths and increase its market share. The company modified its product offering by providing quality products in its private labels. It has also included the strategy of tapping ethical customers by adopting environmental-friendly practices. Along with it, in order to increase the operational efficiency of the company, it has initiate self-service. The primary competitive advantage of Aldi is the low price it offers. Additionally, the company also opens stores in remote or rural places to increase its market share. The company can also assure its growth by creating strategic alliance with the farmers, estab lishing online stores and loyalty cards. References Australian Food News. (2015). Aldi tries new strategy to grow bigger market share in Australia. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ausfoodnews.com.au/2015/05/20/aldi-tries-new-strategy-to-grow-bigger-market-share-in-australia.html [Accessed on: 18 January 2017]. Butler, S. (2016). Aldi cranks up the pressure on the big four supermarkets. The Guardian. [Online]. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/global/2016/apr/02/aldi-cranks-up-pressure-big-four-supermarkets [Accessed on: 18 January 2017]. Butler, S. 2015. Soaring sales at Aldi and Lidl push market share to 10%. The Guardian. [Online]. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/nov/17/soaring-sales-at-aldi-and-lidl-drive-market-share-to-10-percent [Accessed on: 18 January 2017]. Croxon, N. (2012). IGA tops grocery list: ALDI wont fill Franklins void in Tamworth's Centrepoint shopping centre. Northern Daily Leader. [Online]. Available at: https://www.northerndailyleader.com.au/story/98560/iga-tops-grocery-list-aldi-wont-fill-franklins-void-in-tamworths-centrepoint-shopping-centre/ [Accessed on: 18 January 2017]. Evans, S. (2016). Why Aldi thinks self-service checkouts are a stupid idea. The Sydney Morning Herald. [Online]. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/why-aldi-thinks-selfservice-checkouts-are-a-stupid-idea-20160308-gne2np.html [Accessed on: 18 January 2017]. IGD Retail Analysis. (2016). ALDI AUSTRALIA TO INVEST IN STORES AS SALES SET TO REACH $7BN. [Online]. Available at: from:https://retailanalysis.igd.com/Hub.aspx?id=13tid=1rid=73nid=15942 [Accessed on: 18 January 2017]. Reid, R.D.. and Bojanic, D.C. (2009). Hospitality Marketing Management. London: John Wiley and Sons. Reynolds, E. (2014). Why do Australians love Aldi? The secrets to the supermarkets phenomenal success. News.com.au. [Online]. Available at: https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/food/why-do-australians-love-aldi-the-secrets-to-the-supermarkets-phenomenal-success/news-story/fb4c5e30228f5f23b720f7b0caee3018 [Accessed on: 18 January 2017].

Megadeth free essay sample

Dave Mustaine and his cohorts who make up the band Megadeth are out touring again following the release of their appropriately-named album Countdown To Extinction. Politically- outspoken Mustaine throws in his commentary on the ex-president in between their thunderously heavy songs. The band has become a link between heavy metal and politics, thus moving it into the category of a thinking mans band. The music serves two purposes in my opinion: to inform kids and teens that they have a say in this society, and simply to be enjoyed. Megadeth articulated such difficult pieces as Holy Wars and Foreclosure of a Dream. The former refers to violence as being unholy (therefore holy war is a paradox) and the latter refers to, most probably, the Bush Administrations failings. It just goes to show that the far left-wing Mustaine must speak his mind. Incidentally, Suicidal Tendencies opened for Megadeth; the show as a whole was extraordinary. We will write a custom essay sample on Megadeth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I recommend that any metalhead go. But bring your earplugs! n